Nicole Marcial's Blog

Blog # 7 - Key Intellectual Property Issues By: Nicole Bernal Marcial What is Intellectual Property (IP?   I P is protected in law by, for example, patents, copyright and trademarks, which enable people to earn recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or create. By striking the right balance between the interests of innovators and the wider public interest, the IP system aims to foster an environment in which creativity and innovation can flourish. Types of Intellectual Property I ntellectual property is defined as any work that is creative and includes inventions, literary works, images, and symbols. With the introduction of the Internet, laws surrounding intellectual properties have changed significantly. Copyright C opyright is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works. Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to com...

Blog # 6 - Key Freedom of Expression Issues By: Nicole Bernal Marcial   Y our voice matters. You have the right to say what you think, share information and demand a better world. You also have the right to agree or disagree with those in power, and to express these opinions in peaceful protests. What is Freedom of Expression?   F reedom of speech, or freedom of expression, applies to ideas of all kinds, including those that may be deeply offensive. While international law protects free speech, there are instances where speech can legitimately restricted under the same law – such as when it violates the rights of others, or, advocates hatred and incites discrimination or violence.   However, any restrictions on freedom of expression must be provided by law, protect certain public interests or the rights of others and, be clearly necessary for that purpose.    Everyone has the right to communicate his or her opinions and ideas and share informa...

Blog # 5 - Key Privacy and Anonymity Issues By: Nicole Bernal Marcial   A ccording to slideshare, internet privacy involves the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, providing to third-parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via the Internet. Privacy can entail either Personally Identifying Information (PII) or non-PII information such as a site visitor's behavior on a website. PII refers to any information that can be used to identify an individual. For example, age and physical address alone could identify who an individual is without explicitly disclosing their name, as these two factors are unique enough to typically identify a specific person.    Privacy is the key that unlocks the aspects of yourself that are most intimate and personal, that make you most you, and most vulnerable. Your naked body. Your sexual history and fantasies. Your past, present and possible future diseases. Your fears, your...

Blog # 4 - Republic Act 10175 Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 By: Nicole Bernal Marcial   N ew technologies create new criminal opportunities but few new types of crime. What distinguishes cybercrime from traditional criminal activity? Obviously, one difference is the use of the digital computer, but technology alone is insufficient for any distinction that might exist between different realms of criminal activity. Criminals do not need a computer to commit fraud, traffic in child pornography and intellectual property, steal an identity, or violate someone’s privacy. All those activities existed before the “cyber” prefix became ubiquitous. Cybercrime, especially involving the Internet, represents an extension of existing criminal behavior alongside some novel illegal activities.   Most cybercrime is an attack on information about individuals, corporations, or governments. Although the attacks do not take place on a physical body, they do take place on...

Blog # 3 Cyberbullying | Software Piracy | Plagiarism By: Nicole Bernal Marcial What a Cyber/Computer Crime? C omputer crime is a new Problem in our society therefore we must know that what computer crime is. If we talk about computer crime we will refer to a crime which is conducted with the help of a computer and a network is involved in it. As we refer to computer it can even be a small computer device like mobile. And the network mainly used is an Internet connection because of its availability and access.  Cyberbullying C yber bullying is a multi-faced problem and definitions of this problem differ when made from the point of view of various disciplines. Yet the common features of all kinds of cyber bullying are as following: insulting or hurtful texts/images are sent directly to a victim over the cell phone/Internet or posted on the web for more people to participate in the process of humiliating the victim. In other words, a young person, ...